「使用者:丁子君/14」：各本之異

'''南非種族隔離'''{{按|[[南非語]]：Apartheid，隔絕也}}，制度也，一九四八年至一九九〇年代初施行於[[南非]]、[[西南非洲]]{{按|今[[納米比亞]]}}，以隔種界。{{按|[[人口登籍法]]，種族隔離諸法所恃也，一九九一年官令廢焉。<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?19041-1/repeal-population-registration-act | title=Repeal of Population Registration Act | date=1991-06-17| publisher=C-Span | accessdate=2018-06-07}}</ref><ref name="Abolished">{{cite news|title=South Africa ends racial classifications|author=Myre, Greg|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1893&dat=19910618&id=3sQfAAAAIBAJ&pg=5582,6356040|work=Associated Press|publisher=Southeast Missourian|location=Cape Girardeau|date=1991-06-18|accessdate=2018-03-01}}</ref>[[一九九四年南非大選|一九九四年，南非大選，不辨種界]]，方得政府之不持種族主義者。<ref name=Jeffrey>{{cite book|last=Bartusis|first=Mark|editor1-last=Gomez|editor1-first=Edmund|editor2-last=Premdas|editor2-first=Ralph|title=Affirmative Action, Ethnicity and Conflict|date=2012|pages=126–132|publisher=Routledge Books|location=New York|isbn=978-0415627689}}</ref>|}}南非之種族隔離，以威服之風行政，以[[白人種尊]]為基，以使[[南非白人|白人]]以[[寡民馭眾|寡眾]]而馭國之政治、群系、食貨也。<ref name=Mayne>{{cite book|last=Mayne|first=Alan|title=From Politics Past to Politics Future: An Integrated Analysis of Current and Emergent Paradigms|date=1999|page=52|publisher=Praeger|location=Westport, Connecticut|isbn=978-0-275-96151-0}}</ref>其等之加於群也，以白人公民為尊，次[[亞裔南非人|亞裔]]、[[有色人|色人]]，次[[南非黑人|黑人]]。<ref name=Mayne/>制度所遺於群貨者，其流至今。<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/despite-1994-political-victory-against-apartheid-its-economic-legacy-persists-haydn-cornish-|title=Despite the 1994 political victory against apartheid, its economic legacy persists by Haydn Cornish-Jenkins|last=Leander|date=15 June 2015|work=South African History Online|access-date=2 May 2018|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502210959/http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/despite-1994-political-victory-against-apartheid-its-economic-legacy-persists-haydn-cornish-|archive-date=2 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/apartheid-legacy-haunts-sa-economy/|title='Apartheid legacy haunts SA economy' - SABC News - Breaking news, special reports, world, business, sport coverage of all South African current events. Africa's news leader.|website=www.sabcnews.com|language=en-US|access-date=2 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201804060509.html|title=Ramaphosa's tough job on fixing Apartheid legacy|last=|first=|date=6 April 2018|website=|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623021509/http://allafrica.com/stories/201804060509.html|archive-date=23 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>種族隔離，有廣有微：微者，以種別公器、集會也；廣者，以種定居所、工闕所歸。<ref name="Crompton">{{cite book|title=Desmond Tutu: Fighting Apartheid|last=Crompton|first=Samuel Willard|year=2007|location=New York|publisher=Chelsea House, Publishers|isbn=978-0791092217|pages=[https://archive.org/details/desmondtutufight0000crom/page/34 34–35]|url=https://archive.org/details/desmondtutufight0000crom/page/34}}</ref>先一九四〇年，種族隔離已肇端於白人之以寡馭眾，別黑人於他種，及後則定關符法、施隔離於分畝也；<ref name="War">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zEQ-Km_KShAC&pg=PA238&dq=Coventry+Four#PPA238,M1|title=War and Society: The Militarisation of South Africa|author=Jacklyn Cock, Laurie Nathan|year=1989|publisher=New Africa Books | isbn=978-0-86486-115-3|pages=36–37, 283–289}}</ref><ref name=Breckenridge>{{cite book|last=Breckenridge|first=Keith|title=Biometric State: The Global Politics of Identification and Surveillance in South Africa, 1850 to the Present|date=2014|pages=70–74|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-1107077843}}</ref>至一九四八年大選，[[南非國民黨|國民黨]]執政，官立為策。<ref name=Ottoway>{{cite book|last=Ottoway|first=Marina|title=South Africa: The Struggle for a New Order|date=1993|pages=[https://archive.org/details/southafricastrug00mari/page/23 23–26]|publisher=Brookings Institution Press|location=Washington|isbn=978-0815767152|url=https://archive.org/details/southafricastrug00mari/page/23}}</ref>法定種界等級，十八世紀[[荷蘭帝國]]殖民於南非時始有之；先是，荷蘭殖民已隙於各民所出、克里奧爾化之奴隸也。<ref name=Glaser>{{cite book|last=Glaser|first=Daryl|title=Politics and Society in South Africa|date=2001|pages=9–12|publisher=Sage Publications|location=London|isbn=978-0761950172}}</ref>後十九世紀末十年，英屬[[開普殖民地]]日庶，工業日振，種界之法，曩所馳者，復始益嚴，鍾乎黑人。<ref name=Bickford-Smith>{{cite book|last=Bickford-Smith|first=Vivian|title=Ethnic Pride and Racial Prejudice in Victorian Cape Town: Group identity and social practice, 1875—1902|date=1995|pages=190–192|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0521526395}}</ref>諸[[布爾共和國]]，其法亦別種界：若[[德蘭士瓦共和國|德蘭士瓦]]憲法，絕黑人、色人於政、教焉。<ref name=Dyzenhaus>{{cite book|last=Dyzenhaus|first=David|title=Hard Cases in Wicked Legal Systems: South African Law in the Perspective of Legal Philosophy|date=1991|pages=35–36|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0198252924}}</ref>種族隔離諸法，立法最先者，[[一九四九年異種通婚禁案]]，其後曰[[悖德案]]，施於一九五〇年；自此，南非人異種通婚、結合，幾咸非法。<ref name=Routledge>{{cite book|last1=Walton|first1=F. Carl|last2=Udayakumar|first2=S.P.|last3=Muck|first3=William|last4=McIlwain|first4=Charlton|last5=Kramer|first5=Eric|last6=Jensen|first6=Robert|last7=Ibrahim|first7=Vivian|last8=Caliendo|first8=Stephen Maynard|last9=Asher|first9=Nhia|title=The Routledge Companion to Race and Ethnicity|date=2011|pages=103–105|publisher=Routledge Books|location=New York|isbn=978-0415777070}}</ref>[[一九五〇年人口登籍案]]，辨南非人為四類，曰黑人、白人、[[色人]]、印度人，其後二者復各辨為數類云。<ref>Baldwin-Ragaven, Laurel; London, Lesley; du Gruchy, Jeanelle (1999). ''An ambulance of the wrong colour: health professionals, human rights and ethics in South Africa.'' Juta and Company Limited. p. 18</ref> Places of residence were determined by racial classification.<ref name=Routledge/>自一九六〇年，至一九八三年，非裔黑人，迫於隔離之法，見徙於隔種之里者，有三百五十萬，近代寰宇，徙人之巨，鮮堪較者。<ref name=" Forced Removals">{{cite web |title=South Africa – Overcoming Apartheid |accessdate=26 December 2013 |url=http://www.overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/multimedia.php?id=65-259-6 |publisher=African Studies Center of Michigan State University